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- In addition to having students learn to recognize words accurately, it is also important that readers recognize words quickly.
- Reading fluency and reading comprehension have a correlational relationship.
- Reading fluency is a means to an end; it enables readers to focus on understanding the message, rather than just trying to identify the words.
- Readers need to recognize words automatically so they can focus their attention on reading comprehension.
- While practice with individual words will help readers become better able to recognize those words, readers must also be able to recognize words in connected text.
- When selecting methods for improving reading fluency, it is important to base your decisions on what your students have already learned, each student's needs, and intended outcomes.
- One of the most important aspects of fluency development is to choose the correct level of reading materials for students.
- Partner reading is very similar to repeated readings, but there is less emphasis on reading rate and more on accuracy.
- Students should always receive specific feedback on how well they read; feedback should include information about the specific errors and the general types of errors they tend to make.
- Word recognition errors include substitutions, omissions, irregular pronunciations, and long hesitations.
- The teacher should give feedback in a positive, supportive matter, and should be consistent with regard to what counts as an error.
- Prosody errors include a slow pace, choppy reading, poor phrasing, and limited expression.
- The teachers should plan ways to help students reduce their errors before they actually read a new passage.
- Establishing the context prior to reading can help students anticipate the types of words that may be in the passage.
- Word drill is frequently used in conjunction with word supply or the cueing of word recognition strategies.
- Word lists can be used in many ways to help students learn to recognize words accurately and quickly.
- Using the word lists many times per day will help students learn to recognize the words more quickly.
- Modeling can be a useful tool to demonstrate phrasing, expression, and pace.
- To benefit from practice, students must 1) be actively engaged in activities that have been shown to increase reading fluency; 2) have sufficient numbers of practice opportunities; and 3) have sufficient amounts of time for practice.
- Having students chart their own progress helps to keep them motivated and willing to persevere.
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